How to Perform Bulk Upsert in Mongoose

Overview

Bulk upsert operations in Mongoose are an efficient way to update multiple documents within a MongoDB collection while inserting any new documents if they do not already exist. This tutorial will walk you through the basics and into more advanced use cases for bulk upserts using Mongoose with Node.js.

Before diving into bulk upserts, ensure you have Node.js installed, familiarity with JavaScript or TypeScript, and a MongoDB database to work with.

Defining Mongoose Schema

Start by setting up a Node.js project and install Mongoose:

npm init -y
npm install mongoose

Then, create your Mongoose schema and model:

import mongoose from 'mongoose';

const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  username: String,
  email: String,
  meta: {
    likes: Number
  }
});

const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);

Performing a Basic Bulk Upsert

Use the bulkWrite method to execute a simple upsert:

const bulkOperation = await User.bulkWrite([
  {
    updateOne: {
      filter: { username: 'johndoe' },
      update: {$set: { email: '[email protected]' }},
      upsert: true
    }
  },
  // ... More operations
]);

Handling Complex Upserts

For bulk upserting with more complex logic:

const complexBulkOperation = await User.bulkWrite([
  {
    updateOne: {
      filter: { username: 'janedoe', 'meta.likes': {$lt: 100} },
      update: {
        $setOnInsert: { email: '[email protected]' },
        $inc: { 'meta.likes': 1 }
      },
      upsert: true
    }
  }
  // ... More complex operations
]);

Using Async/Await with Bulk Upserts

Integrate async/await for better flow control:

async function runBulkUpsert() {
  try {
    const result = await User.bulkWrite([...]);
    console.log('Bulk upsert success:', result);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Bulk upsert failed:', error);
  }
}

runBulkUpsert();

Error Handling and Validation

Be aware of the potential errors and how to handle them:

async function runSafeBulkUpsert() {
  try {
    // Perform bulk upsert
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.name === 'ValidationError') {
      // Handle validation errors
    } else {
      // Handle other errors
    }
  }
}

runSafeBulkUpsert();

Summary

This tutorial covered the essentials of performing bulk upsert operations using Mongoose. By understanding and implementing these patterns, you can significantly optimize your MongoDB interactions within a Node.js application.